Annexes
Annex 1: Territorial Exchange
A 1.1 Territorial exchange ("land-swap") shall involve properties which are contiguous with the border between Palestine and Israel based on the June 4 1967 lines, including either boundary defining no-man's-land as of June 4 1967.A 1.2 Territorial exchange shall take place for property (inhabited buildings and land) in one state that has been inhabited for a period of not less than one year by an adult person or persons who hold the citizenship of the other state and which is nominated for exchange by the government of the other state.
A 1.3 For the purposes of this agreement, contiguous shall mean directly connected to the border between the states, or to the border of no-man's-land, or to any other property or land which is exchanged under these rules, by a common boundary not less than five metres in length. For properties within the city boundaries of Jerusalem defined in annex 3, this clause shall be modified to read "not less than one metre in length".
A 1.4 For the purposes of this agreement, the rules defining contiguity shall include direct connection to a road through open countryside that is used for road communication with the state to which the exchange is taking place, provided that the total length of such uninhabited road or roads is not greater than 5 km. If the exchange takes place, the road shall be included in the exchange to a minimum width of 5 metres.
A 1.5 For the purposes of this agreement, the rules defining contiguity shall exclude roads which are used, by citizens of the state from which the exchange is proposed, for road communication with and within their state. Legal rulings shall impose conditions governing access and road communications across borders when such conditions allow an exchange that would otherwise be rejected.
A 1.6 The Land Court (annex 5) shall exercise adjudication over the exchange of territory, applying the foregoing rules of contiguity, access and communication. Their decisions shall take account of plans for resettlement zones, development zones, parity zones and rebuilt, re-occupied or expanded villages in the surrounding area, formulated at the sovereign discretion of the government of the state from which the exchange is taking place, treating such plans as equivalent to existing inhabited zones. Their decisions shall take account of roads planned by the state to which the exchange is taking place, treating such plans as equivalent to existing roads.
A 1.7 For the purposes of this agreement, inhabited property shall exclude temporary dwellings, dwellings without any supply of standard utilities, and encampments illegal under the civil law of both states.
A 1.8 For the purposes of this agreement, communities, settlements or villages partly or wholly in no-man's-land between the June 4 1967 lines qualify as being contiguous with the boundaries of either state and shall be free to choose to be part of a territorial exchange into the state of their choice. Territory in no-man's-land counts for 50% in quantifying the area of the territorial exchange under clause A 1.9 of this annex.
A 1.9 The precise land area involved in all territorial exchanges that take place under the foregoing clauses shall be summed. The difference in the total land area between the territory transferred to Israel from Palestine and the territory transferred to Palestine from Israel shall be agreed. The agreed difference shall be made up by a transfer of land equal to the agreed difference from Israel to Palestine in the region west of the governorate of Hebron, contiguous with that governorate and extending towards Gaza. In the unlikely case that the difference is negative, it shall be made up by a transfer of land from Palestine to Israel at the extreme southeast of the West Bank.
A 1.10 Where a dispute over civil ownership or cultivation or use for road communication of any land or property exists, this shall be resolved rapidly by legal means through Land Court as defined in annex 5. Legal rulings shall not unreasonably penalize those taking part in a territorial exchange nor prejudice implementation of a territorial exchange. Legal rulings shall financially compensate any persons justifiably claiming loss of land, property, access or communication. Legal rulings shall be in favor of persons de facto residing in property under dispute and in favor of compensating their opponents financially. Legal rulings shall be in favor of citizens of the state in which agricultural land, roads or other uninhabited land lies prior to any territorial exchange and in favor of compensating their opponents financially. Legal rulings shall impose conditions governing access and road communications across borders when such conditions allow an exchange that would otherwise be rejected.
A 1.11 Inhabitants of any contiguous area of territory adjacent to the pre-1967 boundary that is nominated for territorial exchange may submit a case to the Land Court supporting or objecting to the territorial exchange. The government of either state may submit a case to the Land Court supporting or objecting to a territorial exchange.
A 1.12 Inhabitants of any contiguous area of territory that crosses the pre-1967 boundary (or that lies wholly or partly in no-man's-land of the pre-1967 lines) may submit a case to the Land Court under the provisions of this article requesting that their territory shall become a bi-national parity zone as defined in annex 8, as an alternative to being wholly in either state. Such a request if unanimous shall not be denied, and the international boundary shall pass through the area of territory concerned, dividing it equally between the states but without any obstruction to movement, as in Jerusalem.
A 1.13 The territory of a place of worship or any other building or site of religious significance shall be exchanged under the terms of this annex, provided it qualifies under the foregoing rules, based on the citizenship of regular worshippers or of persons typical of those who regularly use the site for religious purposes.
Annex 2: Territorial Donation
A 2.1 Territorial donations to the State of Palestine upon its foundation are at the sovereign discretion of the states concerned and this agreement places no demands, conditions or limitations upon such donations. Territorial donations are subject to bilateral or multilateral treaties between the states concerned and this agreement imposes no stipulations on such treaties. No conditions included in such treaties shall be accepted as binding on or over-ruling or changing in any way the principles and articles of this agreement.A 2.2 Notwithstanding the foregoing clause, the principle of parity that forms one of the foundations of this agreement is applied with respect to the areas of sovereign territory of the States of Palestine and Israel. In order to attain parity of territorial areas, this annex suggests and invites territorial donation so that the sovereign territories of both states shall be 20,000 square kilometres at the date this agreement comes into force or within one year of that date.
A 2.3 The suggested territorial donations are as follows:
(i) From the Arab Republic of Egypt to the State of Palestine: 13 010 square kilometres in the eastern Sinai, connecting with the Gaza Strip and having at least 50 km and preferably up to 120 km of coastline on the Gulf of Aqaba.
(ii) From the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to the Arab Republic of Egypt: 13 010 square kilometres in the northwest corner of the kingdom, adjacent to the border with Jordan near Aqaba and including the coastline of the Gulf of Aqaba.
(iii) From the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan to the State of Palestine: 330 square kilometres in the northwest corner of the kingdom, connecting with the northeast boundary of north Palestine (the West Bank) along the Jordan river and extending up to the southern border of the Golan.
(iv) From the Syrian Arab Republic to the State of Palestine: 330 square kilometres in the southern Golan, currently occupied by Israel, upon the conclusion of a suitable peace treaty between Syria and Israel or any other arrangement allowing this donation to take place. This donation is to include the Syrian claim to the resort of Hamat Gader, which shall become a bi-national parity zone.
(v) From the State of Israel to the State of Palestine: 330 square kilometres on the southwest border of the state, to connect the Gaza Strip with the Gift of Egypt as defined above in paragraph (i). Also 50% sovereignty in the resort of Hamat Gader, which shall become a bi-national parity zone.
(vi) From the Republic of Iraq to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 330 square kilometres on their common border, to support the donation by the Kingdom to Palestine.
(vii) From the Republic of Iraq to the Syrian Arab Republic: 330 square kilometres on their common border, to support the donation by Syria to Palestine.
(viii) From the Republic of Sudan to Egypt: the land known as the Hal'aib Triangle, to support the donation by Egypt to Palestine; correspondingly, take sovereignty of the unclaimed land known as Bir Tawil to the west of the Triangle. The international border between Sudan and Egypt shall then extend along the 22nd parallel to the Red Sea coast.
(ix) Other Arab states in North Africa may adjust their mutual borders to support the donation by Egypt to Palestine.
(x) Other Arab states on the Gulf of Arabia and the Arabian Sea may adjust and/or define their inland borders with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to support the donation by Egypt and the Kingdom to Palestine.
A 2.4 It is suggested that the donations be known respectively in Arabic as (i) The Gift of Egypt; (ii) The Gift of Ibn Saud; (iii) The Gift of the Hashemites; (iv) The Gift of Syria; (v) The Gift of Jacob; and so on.
A 2.5 It is suggested that treaties of donation of territories should safeguard the rights of the inhabitants of the territories donated in the same way as the rights of other permanent residents in Palestine or Israel are safeguarded by this agreement, or by even stronger safeguards. In particular, firstly, the ancestral rights of Bedouin should be safeguarded and, secondly, the civil and all other rights of Jordanian inhabitants in the Gift of the Hashemites shall be strongly safeguarded, as if the territory involved in that gift were under joint sovereignty. Similar safeguards may be desirable for inhabitants of other territorial donations.
Annex 3: Boundaries of Jerusalem
A 3.1 The new boundaries for the City of Jerusalem shall be as shown. The central white line shows a possible location of the international boundary within the city. The final international boundary within the city shall be determined by contiguity criteria as defined in annex 1 applied to the June 4 1967 lines.
To the north of the city the boundary follows Highway 1, until the bends either side of al Za'im where it cuts across tangentially to include al Za'im within the city. It turns south at the junction with the 417 and follows this road, to the west of Ma'ale Adumim, then swings westwards towards Har Homa, including the Arab villages to the southeast of the main city within the boundary. Passing to the south of Umm Tuba and Har Homa, then to the southwest of Beit Safafa and Gilo, it includes these neighbourhoods within the city. To the west it then skirts round outside Giv'at Masu'a, Kiryat Menahem, Ein Kerem, the Jerusalem Forest and Beit Zait, all of which are also included within the boundary.
Annex 4: Principles Governing Implementation
Implementation of the Just Peace Agreement is:A 4.1 Adoptive: Implementation of this agreement starts by adoption of the agreement by any party. A party to the agreement adopts it by publicly stating that they intend to accede to it and are going to implement it, and by consistently acting and seeking to implement it thereafter. Parties adopt this agreement before formally acceding to it (signing it) but not later.
A 4.2 Directed: Implementation of this agreement is controlled, timetabled and directed by the International Verification Group Representative(s) constituted as defined in annex 5. A party adopting the agreement shall follow the direction of the IVGR, accepting the decision of the IVGR on all matters regarding the nature, timing and scope of implementation and the interpretation of this agreement, from the date of their adoption until 180 days after it comes into force. The following clauses of this annex indicate the principles governing this directed implementation.
A 4.3 Independent: A party implementing this agreement acts in accordance with it regardless of the actions of any other party, whether or not the other party has adopted it or is implementing it. A party adopting the agreement acts in accordance with it regardless of the manner or quality or pace or adequacy of the implementation of it by any other party who adopts it.
A 4.4 Presumptive: At every stage, this agreement is implemented by each party on the presumption that the agreement is going to be fully implemented by all parties. Actions are determined by the future state of peace, prosperity, co-operation, respect, and equality that the full implementation of the agreement will bring about. Actions are never determined by past wrongs, warfare, killing, terror, injustice, oppression, resentment, grievance and loss.
A 4.5 Immediate: Actions to implement this agreement take place as soon as is reasonable, practical, politic and effective. Actions are not delayed by any action or speech or failure to act or speak by any other party.
A 4.6 Rolling: In the context of this agreement, each party implements their responsibilities sequentially in such a manner as to encourage, support and enhance corresponding sequences of actions by the other parties implementing the agreement.
A 4.7 Proactive: Wherever and whenever practical, actions taken to implement this agreement shall exceed those stated in the agreement. An action claimed to implement any part of this agreement must never fall short of that defined in the agreement.
A 4.8 Pre-emptive: Whenever an action implementing this agreement can facilitate, encourage or enable a corresponding or consequential action by another party, it shall be taken immediately.
A 4.9 Concrete: This agreement shall be implemented by actions that are consistent with the principles, spirit and intent of the agreement and not bound by or limited by particular wordings, translations, verbal interpretations or detailed mechanisms, formulas or arrangements. Implementation of the agreement shall be judged by deeds, not words.
A 4.10 Silent: The agreement shall be implemented without renegotiation or dilution of the agreement through verbal re-interpretation, discussion or explanation. Public announcement of phases of implementation shall be accurate, concrete, clear and concise. Announcements of such steps shall be described as implementations of the Just Peace Agreement and not as serving other policies or objectives. The implementation of this agreement shall be conducted in a spirit of mutual respect without resorting to verbal violence, accusation or insult. The parties shall not engage verbally in argument, triumphalism, incitement, or contentious interpretation or re-interpretation of this agreement. The parties shall follow the guidelines used by their own children for such discussion: "It is forbidden to use racist and extremist language and derogatory remarks to those with whom you disagree. The discussion must be held with mutual respect..." [Hand-in-Hand]
Annex 5: Inter-governmental and Trans-national Institutions
A 5.1 High Court of the Just Peace (HCJP)
This judicial body shall be the highest court of appeal for disputes between the two states, between citizens of the two states or between a citizen of one state and the government or any other official organization of the other state. It shall be set up immediately this agreement comes into force, or earlier. The HCJP shall be a parity organization as defined in annex 9, with equal numbers of Palestinian and Israeli members; that is, four judges of each nationality. The members of the HCJP shall be appointed by the states in the same manner as the judges of the national supreme courts of the two nations.
The HCJP shall adjudicate cases brought by one state or a citizen or organization of one state against the other state or a citizen or organization of the other state. The HCJP shall adjudicate cases in which the dispute concerns a matter of law between the states or their organizations or their citizens. Any such dispute involving provisions of this agreement is under the final jurisdiction of the HCJP, and their judgement shall serve to implement and uphold the principles and articles of this agreement. The HCJP shall be the final judge of the meaning, interpretation and implementation of this agreement. In cases of disagreement in the translations, the English version shall be definitive.
The HCJP may decide that a legal dispute is under their jurisdiction. The HCJP may decide that a legal dispute is not under their jurisdiction. Their decision as to whether or not a legal dispute is under their jurisdiction shall be final and shall over-rule the judgement of any inferior court.
The HCJP shall consist of eight judges, four Palestinian and four Israeli. Their judgements may be unanimous or by majority and the unanimity or majority of a judgement shall be published along with the judgement. In the event of a 4:4 tie, the HCJP shall appoint a ninth judge, who shall be neither Palestinian nor Israeli, by unanimous decision. The judgment of the ninth judge shall then decide such tied cases. The HCJP may appoint a ninth judge for a period, at their discretion, who shall decide tied cases during the period of his/her appointment and may be asked to advise or concur in other cases.
Before the HCJP is set up, its functions with respect to interpretation and implementation of this agreement shall be referred to the IVGR (A 5.4 below) for provisional judgement.
A 5.2 Defense of the Land (DL)
Immediately upon this agreement coming into force, or earlier, all military forces in the Land shall be renamed the Defense of the Land, following article 7 of this agreement. The Defense of the Land shall be a bi-national parity organization with the target of attaining parity in personnel, recruitment, organizational structure and authority within fifteen years of the date of this agreement coming into force. Transition to parity of the DL shall be attained under the authority of the Defense Subcommittee of the IPCC. From the date of its foundation, the DL shall be under joint ultimate command as described in article 7. The deployment and operational command of the DL shall follow article 7 of this agreement.
A 5.3 Inter-Governmental Steering Committee (IGSC)
This joint ministerial-level body of the Israeli and Palestinian governments shall be set up immediately this
agreement comes into force, or earlier. It shall be a parity organization in the sense of having equal numbers
of Israeli and Palestinian members, of roughly equal seniority and authority. The function of the IGSC is to
oversee the practical implementation of the Just Peace Agreement, to rapidly resolve any disagreements that hold up
the process of implementation, and to provide practical guidance on the means of achieving full implementation within
agreed timescales. The IGSC shall continue in existence until it has fulfilled its functions, and at least until
the end of phase 1 of implementation. Any continuing responsibilities shall be taken over by the IPCC (A5.7 below).
The IGSC shall exercise executive authority for the following aspects of implementation: (i) Verification of demilitarization; (ii) Renaming of military forces; (iii) Withdrawal of military forces; (iv) Withdrawal of civilian occupiers; (v) Elections of citizenship; (vi) Elections for territorial exchange. The IGSC shall formulate the agreed timetables for these processes and shall have power to initiate and complete them.
A 5.4 Implementation Verification Group (IVG)
This international advisory group shall be set up immediately the Just Peace Agreement is adopted by any of the
principal parties. It shall facilitate, assist, guarantee, monitor, and resolve disputes relating to the
implementation of this Agreement. The IVG shall include one member appointed by each of the following:
the United States, the Russian Federation, the European Union, the United Nations, and the Arab League. It may
include other members co-opted by these members.
The IVG shall work in coordination with the IGSC established in accordance with A5.3 and with the IPCC established in accordance with A5.7. The IVG shall appoint the members of the DMG (A5.5 below). The IVG shall appoint the commander of the MSF (A5.6 below) who shall be responsible for the daily command of the MSF.
The IVG shall appoint an IVG Representative (or three or five Representatives who shall work together) who will be the principal executive of the IVG on the ground. The IVG Representative(s) (IVGR) shall manage the work of the IVG and maintain constant communication with the parties, with the IVG, with the IGSC and with the IPCC. The IVGR shall take critical decisions in consultation with the IVG, IGSC and IPCC. The IVGR shall be based in Jerusalem, together with such members of their supporting staff as may be required to assist them in carrying out their duties under this agreement
The IVGR shall monitor the implementation of this agreement, deciding the sequence of actions and verifying full compliance with the terms of the agreement. They shall act as a dispute settlement mechanism, giving authoritative judgement on the interpretation of the agreement and its implementation and arbitrating any disputes relating to the implementation of this agreement, until the HCJP (A5.1) is set up. The HCJP is empowered to review and amend judgements of the IVGR subsequently.
A trilateral committee composed of the IVGR and the IGSC shall be established and shall meet regularly to review the implementation of this agreement. This committee shall convene within 48 hours upon the request of any of these three bodies: the IVG, the government of Israel or the government of Palestine. In accordance with progress of implementation of this agreement and with the fulfillment of its mandated functions, the IVG shall terminate its activities subject to agreement by the IGSC and/or IPCC.
A 5.5 Demilitarization Monitoring Group (DMG)
This international group shall be set up by the IVGR immediately the Just Peace Agreement is adopted by any of the principal parties. The DMG shall consist of three military officers at the level General or above, none of whom shall be Palestinian or Israeli, together with such members of their own supporting staff as may be required to assist them in carrying out their duties under this agreement. The DMG shall monitor and report confidentially on the process of demilitarization of irregular militias and resistance groups, with particular reference to the weapons classification and sequence given in annex 6.
The DMG shall operate with complete freedom. The DMG including its subordinate supporting staff shall be given free and unhindered access to any locations, buildings, stores, containers or vehicles they may wish to inspect at any time, without condition or delay, at any location in the Land.
The DMG shall operate confidentially. It shall not publicly announce any finding or decision. It shall not engage in political negotiation. It shall not attempt to control any party to this agreement or the actions of any party. The DMG shall communicate its findings confidentially to those parties to the agreement who require the information in the course of verifying the implementation of this agreement, namely the IVGR and the IGSC. The DMG shall communicate accurately and without bias any action taken in pursuit of demilitarization as defined in this agreement, or failure to so act.
A 5.6 Multinational Security Force (MSF)
This international force shall be formed through the offices of the United Nations as soon as the agreement comes
into force, or earlier. Its commander shall be appointed by the IVG and shall be politically subordinate to
the IVGR. The MSF shall be supplemented with additional personnel as required in the course of implementation of this agreement. The size and national makeup of the MSF shall be decided by the UN in consultation with the states of Palestine and Israel. The MSF shall deploy in Palestine and Israel at the invitation of the sovereign states through their respective governments.
The MSF shall co-operate with the national security forces in maintaining security and control of borders during the first five years after this agreement comes into force. It shall co-operate with the national security forces and the Defense of the Land in carrying out its mandate. It shall be an armed force with clearly specified and agreed rules of engagement under a Status of Forces Agreement with the government of Palestine for operating in that state, and appropriate local arrangements when it needs to operate in Israel.
The mandate of the MSF shall include: protecting the territorial integrity of the state of Palestine; serving as a deterrent against external attacks that threaten either of the states; observing areas adjacent to the lines of the Israeli military withdrawal in accordance with this agreement; monitoring the territorial and maritime borders of the state of Palestine, as specified in this agreement; monitoring Palestinian and Israeli international borders; monitoring and verifying compliance with this agreement in respect of demilitarization, the operation of the national security forces, evacuation of civilian occupiers, counter-terrorism, and secure access to sites of religious significance; training of the Palestinian security force.
The MSF mandate shall be reviewed annually and may be renewed after the first five years at the discretion of the two states and the UN.
A 5.7 Israeli-Palestinian Co-operation Committee (IPCC)
This joint ministerial-level body of the Israeli and Palestinian governments shall be set up when this agreement comes into force. It shall take over from the IGSC (A5.4) as the functions of that body are fulfilled. It shall be a parity organization, having equal numbers of Israeli and Palestinian members, of roughly equal seniority and authority. The functions of the IGSC are to plan, coordinate and monitor actions by the two states in the areas of return and resettlement of refugees, buildings and infrastructure, economic development, industry, commerce, trade, law and democratic freedom, health-care, welfare, education, sport and culture, security and crime-prevention. In these areas it shall be the primary political forum in which the principle of parity enshrined in this agreement shall be applied and monitored by the governments of the two states.
The IPCC shall set up subcommittees whose function shall be to oversee the implementation of the following aspects of this agreement: (i) Industrial Development; (ii) Trade, Borders and Transport; (iii) Environmental Protection; (iv) Water Resources; (v) Agriculture; (vi) Energy; (vii) Education, Science and Technology; (viii) Religious Sites; (ix) Defense; (x) Security and Crime-Prevention. These subcommittees shall be the mechanisms by which the principle of parity is monitored, as it applies to the areas described in the articles of this agreement. The subcommittees shall exercise their political powers to review progress of the implementation of this agreement over fifteen years following the date of this agreement. The subcommittees shall follow the principle of parity in their membership and the level of authority of their members. They shall exercise political control in all aspects of policy that necessarily involve co-operation between the states and shall co-ordinate the policies of the separate states according to the principle of parity in these policy areas.
The Industrial Development subcommittee shall cover co-ordination of the communications infrastructure between the two states, as well as overseeing the principle of parity as applied to all other aspects of industrial development.
The Trade, Borders and Transport subcommittee shall exercise political power in respect of administering the corridor between the West Bank and Gaza; any other special provisions for road access that are agreed between the states; means for removing barriers to trade between the states; means for enhancing movement between the states and easing cross-border employment and tourism; cross-border road and rail arteries; access to seaports; co-ordination of civil aviation and air traffic control.
The Religious Sites subcommittee shall exercise political powers in respect of the functions and obligations specified in article 2, section 2.5, of this agreement. It shall co-ordinate its policies with the IFC under article 3, sections 3.8 to 3.10, in regard to religious sites within Jerusalem.
The Defense Subcommittee of the IPCC shall exercise the following political powers: joint decisions for cross-border deployment of units of the Defense of the Land; strategy for and monitoring of the development of the Defense of the Land towards parity in forces, officers and command structure over fifteen years from the date of this agreement; standing orders for immediate response by DL to aerial attack on the Land.
The Security and Crime-Prevention Subcommittee of the IPCC shall exercise political co-ordination of the police and security forces of the two states. Through this subcommittee the states shall maintain ongoing consultation, cooperation, and exchange of information between their respective security forces in pursuit of joint security and counter-terrorism. It shall oversee co-operation in the prevention of serious crime, drug-trafficking and fraud, wherever such crime has an international dimension affecting both states.
The main committee shall review the activities of the subcommittees and in addition have responsibility for overseeing the application of the principle of parity in respect of the relocation, resettlement, housing, rehabilitation and employment of refugees, in co-ordination with the UNC-RPR.
A 5.8 Jerusalem City Council (JCC)
This body is the primary example of a bi-national parity organization operating at a level below that of the state governments or the international groups supporting implementation. The constitution and responsibilities of the JCC are described in article 3 of this agreement. Other democratically elected governing bodies of parity zones or parity organizations set up under the principles of this agreement may be modelled on the JCC in respect of their constitutions and powers.
A 5.9 United Nations Commission for the Resettlement of Palestinian Refugees
This commission of the UN shall be created to implement the provisions of the Just Peace Agreement in respect of the polling, movement, resettlement and ongoing support of Palestinian refugees. The UNC-RPR shall be set up immediately this agreement comes into force, or within ninety days of this date. Its responsibilities and objectives cover the provisions of article 5 of this agreement.
The UNC-RPR shall set up such committees and executive bodies as it shall deem necessary to carry out its functions described herein. These functions include (i) verifying refugee status; (ii) deciding appeals by refugees on decisions; (iii) organizing and carrying out polling of Palestinian refugees as defined in article 5, assisting them in making a free and informed decision of the choices, with the appropriate technical and legal assistance; (iv) setting up and administering an international fund, which will gather the resources necessary to relocate and resettle refugees; (v) channeling these resources to resettlement states, including present host states, Palestine, Israel and other states; (vi) facilitating and enabling the relocation, resettlement and rehabilitation of Palestinian refugees in the resettlement state of their choice; (vii) monitoring the resettlement and rehabilitation of refugees in their chosen resettlement state over five years.
The UNC-RPR shall aim to fulfil its functions in respect of all refugees within fifteen years of the date of this agreement coming into force. The UNC-RPR shall co-operate with and co-ordinate its activities with UNRWA in its interactions with Palestinian refugees. It shall progressively take over such responsibilities from UNWRA as are within its mandate. It shall endeavor to fulfil its mandate within fifteen years. UNWRA shall be phased out in each country in which it operates, based on the end of refugee status in that country. The Commission shall draw up a plan for the phasing out of UNRWA and shall facilitate the transfer of UNRWA functions. UNRWA shall cease to exist not later than fifteen years after the start of the Commission's operations.
A 5.10 United Nations Office for Prisoners of the Conflict (UNO-PIPC)
This body shall be set up immediately the agreement comes into force, or earlier. Its responsibilities and objectives are described in article 9. It shall consist of legal and police officers, lawyers, doctors, psychiatrists, interpreters and translators and such supporting staff as may be required by them to fulfil the duties specified in article 9. None of the staff shall be Palestinian or Israeli residents.
A 5.11 Land Courts
Courts shall be created under this agreement to adjudicate disputes over land and property between the two states, organizations of the two states, or citizens of the two states. There shall be at least three such courts, one concerned with land and property rights in Palestine, one with land and property rights in Israel and one with land and property rights in Jerusalem.
Land courts shall apply the principle of parity in membership with respect to Arab and Jewish judges. They shall consist of at least two judges, one Arab and one Jew, and if more than two then in equal numbers of each ethnicity.
The Land Courts shall have jurisdiction in disputes involving citizens of the two states or organizations of the two states. They shall adjudicate cases of disputed ownership, transfer, seizure, access or denial of access, road communication, use or denial of use, habitation, and claims for compensation. They shall adjudicate all cases of dispute arising from the provisions of this agreement as regards qualification for territorial exchange though the application of rules of contiguity, habitation and access described in annex 1. They shall assist the relevant committee of the UNC-RPR in adjudicating claims of ancestral rights of ownership or habitation for property compensation by resettled refugees or withdrawing civilian occupiers.
Tied decisions of Land Courts shall be appealed to the High Court of the Just Peace.
A 5.12 Joint Border Commission (JBC)
This body shall conduct the technical demarcation of the border in accordance with this agreement. It shall implement decisions of the Land Courts and HPJC on territorial exchange. It shall be a parity organization consisting of equal numbers of Israelis and Palestinians. The JBC's functions are technical, not political; it shall avoid involvement in any disputes over residence, territorial exchange or ownership. Any disagreement in the JBC shall be referred back to the relevant Land Court and then up to the HCJP.
The JBC shall demarcate the border involved in a Territorial Donation by Israel to Palestine. The demarcation of borders defined by other Territorial Donations (annex 2) should be carried out by bodies set up by Palestine and the other state concerned.
Annex 6: Sequence and Specification of Demilitarization
A 6.1 Sequence during phase 1 of implementation
The implementation sequence in this annex is a guideline, illustrating a possible order of implementation of the principal steps of the agreement leading up to the date of accession to the agreement and for 180 days after that date. The steps are essential, mandatory actions by parties adopting the agreement but the order in which they take place shall be determined by the IVGR. The sequence includes all steps involving or relevant to demilitarization and omits other steps that may be concurrent such as voting on territorial exchanges or citizenship. The sequence is illustrated in terms of three principal parties, designated SI for the State of Israel, PA for the Palestinian Authority (becoming SP for the State of Palestine after establishment) and RG for Palestinian resistance groups or irregular militias. It has been assumed that the Palestinian Authority and Israel are not in a state of hostility at the start of the sequence, but that one or more of the Palestinian resistance groups are in a state of hostility with Israel and possibly with the PA.
PA and RG: Truce between these parties
PA and RG: Adoption of the Just Peace Agreement (simultaneous)
RG: Truce with SI
SI: Adoption of the Just Peace Agreement
SI: Truce with RG
SI: Lifting of any siege
SI, RG, PA: The amnesty
PA and RG: Organisation of the Demilitarization Monitoring Group (annex 5)
SI: Statement of timetable for military withdrawal
RG: Start demilitarization process - centralization of weapons
SI: Start military withdrawal
SI: Start civilian withdrawals
PA and RG: Reform arrangements for police /security forces
SI: Start release of prisoners and detainees to UNO-PIPC
RG: Complete centralization of weapons
SI: Military withdrawal about half complete
SI: Civilian withdrawal and residence applications underway
PA: Establishment of the State of Palestine (SP)
SI: Recognition of Palestine
SP: Recognition of Israel
SI: About half of detainees have been released to UNO-PIPC
RG: Release of Israeli prisoner to UNO-PIPC
RG: Demilitarization: weapons put beyond use
SI: Military withdrawal substantially complete
RG: Military wings stand down
SI, SP, RG: Accession to the Just Peace Agreement
SI: Military forces become Defense of the Land (DL)
SP: Command of the DL within Palestine
SI and SP: Military withdrawal complete
SP: Processing of applications for residence complete
SI and SP: Territorial exchange and donation complete
SI: All prisoners and detainees have been released to UNO-PIPC
SI: Civilian withdrawal complete
End of phase 1
A 6.2 Demilitarization of weapons
Weapons held by irregular forces including the military wings of Palestinian resistance groups shall be legitimized by coming under the control of the police force, the security force, or the Defense of the Land. All other such weapons shall be removed permanently from use, in a two-stage process. (i) Centralization of weapons. The weapons concerned shall be brought to one or more central location(s) under the oversight of the internationally agreed Demilitarization Monitoring Group (DMG; see annex 5). (ii) Weapons put beyond use. The weapons concerned shall be put beyond use under the oversight of the DMG. The DMG shall report this action to the IVGR and ISG.
A 6.3 Classes of weapons to be demilitarized
Weapons to be centralized and put beyond use are all weapons and launching systems capable of
generalized battlefield deployment, remote targeting or projection, including but not limited to
the following: grenades and grenade launchers; mortar rounds and mortars; rockets and rocket
launchers; and explosive materials capable of contributing to the construction of such weapons.
Personal assault weapons shall be centralized and put beyond use unless coming under the control
of the Defense of the Land as an agreed step in the implementation of this agreement. Side-arms
shall be centralized and put beyond use unless coming under the control of a legitimate security
or police force as an agreed step in the implementation of this agreement. All steps must be
agreed with the IVGR and monitored by the DMG.
Annex 7: Refugees Rights and Facilities
A 7.1 Rights and facilities to be provided upon resettlement.(i) Housing that is adequate for the number of adults and children in the family unit to occupy it.
(ii) Utilities (clean water, electrical power, waste disposal and drainage, electronic means of communication including but not limited to a telephone line; optionally, a gas supply).
(iii) Education for all children from the age and up to the age usual in the resettlement state.
(iv) Higher education for those qualified and able to benefit from it.
(v) Paid employment or occupation for all adults between the age of majority and the age of retirement applying in the resettlement state.
(vi) A pension for all adults over the age of retirement applying in the resettlement state.
(vii) Healthcare and social security, via the channels usual in the resettlement state.
(viii) Any special provision normally provided for new immigrants in the resettlement state, such as language classes, social and community support, psychological support, rehabilitation, legal support, religious support (mosque or church).
A 7.2 Compensation. The entitlement to compensation shall take into account rights and facilities provided by resettlement states and UNC-RPR under the foregoing clause A 7.1. The entitlement shall take into account the standard of living and facilities attained by the refugees in their present host country prior to the adjudication process. The adjudication shall be based on a comparison of their present conditions and the conditions they would have enjoyed if they had never been displaced.
A 7.3 Refugees shall be compensated for the loss of property resulting from their displacement. The property compensation shall be calculated by a Property Compensation Panel (PCP) set up by the UNC-RPR. The PCP shall estimate the value of Palestinians' property at the time of displacement, based on the UNCCP records, the records of the Custodian for Absentee Property, and any other relevant records. The signatories shall make these records available to the PCP and shall delegate experts to advise and assist the PCP in its work. The PCP shall submit its estimates to the UNC-RPR within one year. The aggregate value, adjusted for inflation, submitted shall constitute the Israeli contribution to the UNC-RPR compensation fund. No other financial claims arising from Palestinian refugees may be raised against Israel. The aggregate value shall be enhanced by international contributions to the UNC-RPR compensation fund, as requested by the UNC-RPR to meet these commitments, in the proportions indicated in annex 12.
A 7.4 The aggregate value of the UNC-RPR fund shall be transferred to resettlement states (including the two signatory states) to support the resettlement of refugees to the standards specified in A7.1. The value of intact fixed assets in evacuated Israeli settlements and transferred to the state of Palestine, taking into account assessment of damage caused by the settlements, shall be estimated and paid from the UNC-RPR fund to Israel for resettling the withdrawing Israeli civilian occupiers. All other funds shall be used for resettling Palestinian refugees in Palestine, in Israel, or in third countries.
Annex 8: Parity Zones
A 8.1 The principle of parity is central to the Just Peace Agreement. It is the means by which justice for the two peoples is delivered by this agreement. It is applied firstly to parity between the states of Israel and Palestine; secondly to parity between the Palestinian and Israeli peoples; and thirdly to parity between Jewish and Arab residents of the Land.A 8.2 Aspects of the agreement that are implemented immediately upon the agreement coming into force apply the principle of parity immediately: examples are territory, sovereignty, international recognition, democratic government, security and the rule of law. For aspects of the agreement that are implemented over an extended period or are attained gradually through an extended process, the aim is a state of parity at the end of the process: examples are economic investment, measures of economic attainment, resource utilization, resettlement of refugees, rehabilitation of prisoners and defense capabilities.
A 8.3 Parity Zones. A territory, township or other geographically defined area can be declared, or may democratically declare itself to be, a parity zone under the terms of the Just Peace Agreement. In doing so, the criteria in respect of which it will apply the principle of parity shall be defined, and over what period the parity is to be attained. Thus, certain criteria may be excluded altogether (such as parity of population) while other criteria may attain parity immediately (such as parity of democratic rights) and yet others may be aims which are set to be attained within some period (such as parity of living standards within fifteen years). Where quantitative measures are available for the criteria, parity shall be taken to be mean equality within a margin of 20%: the smaller measure not less than 80% of the larger. Parity zones can be bi-national (extending across the border between the states) or national (existing entirely in one of the two states). The following subsections illustrate the possible application of the concept of a parity zone, starting with the two parity zones defined or implied within this agreement.
A 8.4 The Land comprises the State of Israel and the State of Palestine. The Just Peace Agreement declares the Land to be a bi-national parity zone and applies the principle of parity immediately in respect of territorial area, sovereignty, independence, mutual and international recognition, citizenship, democratic freedoms and the rule of law. Furthermore, it applies the principle of parity as an aim over a period of fifteen years in respect of national representation and authority within the Defense of the Land; living standards and other economic measures including employment, average earnings, personal wealth and gross domestic product; social measures such as quality and provision of healthcare, quality and provision of education, and scientific, artistic, sporting and cultural achievement. For all criteria, parity is measured between the states of Palestine and Israel and between their citizens.
A 8.5 The City of Jerusalem, within the boundaries defined in annex 3, is a bi-national parity zone. The agreement applies the principle of parity immediately in respect of territory and political power through democratic elections to the Jerusalem City Council. It applies the principle of parity as an aim over a period of fifteen years in respect of population, proportion of each nationality residing in the territory of the other state within the city, housing stock and quality, infrastructure facilities including but not limited to water supply, electricity and gas supply, waste treatment and communications; transport infrastructure, religious, leisure, sporting and cultural facilities. For all criteria, parity is measured quantitatively between Palestinian and Israeli residents of the city.
A 8.6 Recreational areas or parks inside the no-man's-land of the June 4 1967 lines may become bi-national parity zones very easily. Since they are not permanently inhabited, the concept of parity is only applied in respect of the areas of national sovereign territory within the parks and the means of access for those making use of the park. Typical examples might be the Ha-Shalom Forest (Yaldei Israel garden) in Jerusalem, and park areas within the former no-man's-land around the Latrun salient. Supervision of such a park should always be bi-national in its make-up and constitution, to implement the principle of parity.
A 8.7 A town, a village or a similar small community may become a bi-national parity zone if it straddles the border between the states or lies within the June 4 1967 no-man's land. The criteria to which the concepts of parity apply in each case shall be decided by the inhabitants of the town or village concerned though a democratic structure such as a town or village council. Examples are the resort of Hamat Gader and the village of Wahat al-Salam / Neve Shalom / Oasis of Peace. Refer to the history and constitution of the latter community for pointers on how the principle of parity is implemented at the village level. Under this agreement, the resort of Hamat Gader in the southern Golan shall become a bi-national parity zone, including the hot springs and all other leisure and recreational facilities of the resort, at the time the territorial gifts from Jordan, Syria and Israel take place.
A 8.8 Two towns or villages on either side of the international border who already interact positively economically and socially may declare themselves jointly to be a bi-national parity zone, thereby preserving and enhancing their mutually beneficial interaction. A joint council for the parity zone shall be formed in which the principle of parity is implemented in respect of political representation and authority. The criteria and time-scales for the application of parity in such a parity zone shall then be decided by the council.
A 8.9 Within one state, a community, a nearby group of communities, or a region may voluntarily form a national parity zone through the democratically expressed will of the inhabitants. In this case a joint council for the parity zone shall be formed in which the principle of parity is implemented in respect of political representation and power. The criteria and time-scales for the application of parity in such a national parity zone shall then be decided by the council. The principle of parity shall in the case of a national parity zone be applied in respect to the ethnic groups (Arab and Jewish); or in respect to citizenship (citizens of the state, and citizens of the other state who are temporary or permanent residents). The mode of application is decided by the council of the parity zone.
A 8.10 The national government of the state may in its sovereign discretion and power declare a region, group or community to be a national parity zone. In this case the government shall decide on policies stating the criteria and time-scales for the application of parity and the mode of application. A joint council for the national parity zone shall be formed through democratic means, in which the principle of parity is implemented in respect of political representation and power, and which shall aim to implement the government's policies for the zone.
Annex 9. Parity Organizations
A 9.1 Inter-governmental organizations set up under the terms of this agreement (see annex 5) are parity organizations. Whether or not they are associated with or govern a parity zone, they have constitutions and powers which implement the principle of parity in a practical and political sense. Parity organizations shall have equal numbers of Palestinian and Israeli members (or Arab and Jewish members), appointed in a balanced and fair way by the governments of both states or democratically elected by citizens of both states or by persons of both ethnicities equally.
They exercise their powers and carry out their functions in pursuit of the principle of parity with respect to the two states, or citizens of the two states, or persons of the two ethnicities (Arab and Jewish), according to the nature of the organization and its objectives.
A 9.2 Bi-national parity organizations. The following inter-governmental or inter-state organizations described in annex 5 shall be bi-national parity organizations: the High Court of the Just Peace; the Inter-Governmental Steering Committee; the Israeli-Palestinian Cooperation Committee; the Jerusalem City Council and sub-organizations created by the JPC such as the Inter-Faith Council. In addition, the Defense of the Land shall aim for parity within fifteen years of the date this agreement comes into force, in accordance with article 7. Land Courts shall be ethnic parity organizations, having equal number of Jewish and Arab judges.
A 9.3 Voluntary parity organizations. Any organization may declare itself to be a parity organization, whether it is based in one state or is bi-national. Its members shall decide in which mode it shall apply parity and in respect of which criteria. Refer to the constitution and history of יד ביד / يداً بيد / Hand-in-Hand for pointers on how the principle of parity is implemented for voluntary organizations.
Annex 10: Criteria for Residence
A 10.1 The criteria upon which applications for temporary residence status in either state shall be judged shall be as follows:(i) Having means of support or employment, or a firm offer of employment, in the state for which residence status is requested (the host state) or in the City of Jerusalem or in another bi-national parity zone, supported by legal documentation to that effect.
(ii) Having adequate accommodation, or a firm offer of accommodation, in the host state, supported by legal documentation to that effect.
(iii) Having good relations with current citizens of the host state living in the region for which residence status is requested, supported by written statements of sponsorship for resident status from at least two such citizens.
(iv) Not having any conviction of an Offence Against the Peace by a duly constituted court of law in either of the states.
(v) Having immediate family members with resident status in or citizenship of the host state;
(vi) Having been resident in the host state for a period of not less than twenty years with any status including the status of civilian occupier.
(vii) Having agreed participation in a parity zone or parity organization in the host state, supported by legal documentation to that effect.
(viii) Contributing positively to the society or to the economy of the host state over a period of more than one year prior to the application for temporary residence status, supported by legal documentation to that effect.
(ix) Speaking the local language of the host state fluently.
A 10.2 Persons who clearly satisfy criteria (i) (ii) (iii) and (iv) and at least one of the other criteria listed under A10.1 shall normally be granted temporary resident status for a period up to five years and not less than two years. Applications for temporary resident status shall not be unreasonably denied.
A 10.3 The criteria upon which applications for permanent residence status in either state shall be
judged shall be the same as those for temporary residence, with the following addition:
(x) Having held the status of temporary resident for a period of at least four years immediately prior to
the application for permanent residence status.
A 10.4 Persons who clearly satisfy criteria (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) and (x) and at least one of the other criteria listed under A10.1 shall normally be granted permanent resident status. Applications for permanent resident status shall not be unreasonably denied. Cases of dispute shall be adjudicated by the HCJP. The host state may grant temporary residence status in response to an application for permanent residence, or vice versa.
A 10.5 Formal applications for temporary or permanent residence in either state shall specify the town or village in the host state in which the applicant is going to reside.
A 10.6 Applications for temporary residence shall be granted for a specific region of the host state. The region specified shall not be unduly restrictive. Specifying a town or village is acceptable; specifying one part of a town or one dwelling is unduly restrictive. Permanent residence status shall not be restricted to any region of the host state.
A 10.7 Adult persons who have been born in the host state shall be granted citizenship or permanent residence status upon application or by default, unless in violation of criterion (iv) of 10.1 above. This status shall apply throughout the land and shall not be restricted to any region. Persons caught up in a territorial exchange as defined in annex 1 subsection 1.11 shall immediately be granted full permanent residence status by default.
A 10.8 The states may in their sovereign discretion refuse an application for temporary residence on grounds that (i) granting the application for residence is contrary to policies of the host state that implement the principle of parity between the states; (ii) granting the application for residence in the specified region is contrary to policies of the host state for that region. Policies affecting residence applications under this clause shall be coordinated between the states through the IPCC in order to implement the principle of parity in respect of numbers of temporary and permanent residents of each state residing in the other and the regions available for residence.
Annex 11: Offences Against the Peace
A 11.1 A civil or criminal offence in either state shall be judged by a court of law to be an Offence Against the Peace if the offence is committed by a citizen of one state and is committed as a clear and specific act of antagonism towards the other state or towards a citizen of the other state. Equally, a civil or criminal offence in either state shall be judged by a court of law to be an Offence Against the Peace if the offence is committed by a citizen of one ethnicity (Arab or Jewish) and is committed as a clear and specific act of antagonism towards a person or persons of the other ethnicity (Jewish or Arab respectively).A 11.2 No act may be judged to be an Offence Against the Peace unless it is proven by due process in a court of law of one of the two states to be a civil or criminal offence committed in the state in which that court has jurisdiction.
A 11.3 The verdict that an alleged offence is an Offence Against the Peace shall be decided by the same means and at the same time as a verdict is decided on the alleged offence under civil or criminal law in the state in which the case is tried. The charge that the action is an Offence Against the Peace shall be separate and additional to the charge that the action is an offence under civil or criminal law in the state in which the case is tried.
A 11.4 Political orders or consequential actions alleged to be contrary to the provisions of this agreement may be tried in a court of law on the grounds that the provisions of this agreement are part of the law of the state. Such an order or action may additionally in the same case be judged to be an Offence Against the Peace. Such an order or action may not be tried in a separate case as an Offence Against the Peace.
A 11.5 Fraud, embezzlement or corruption which is proved under civil or criminal law in a court of law in either state, and which is in addition proved in the same case to be contrary to the provisions of this agreement, shall be judged to be an Offence Against the Peace. Such financial crimes may not be tried in a separate case as an Offence Against the Peace.
A 11.6 A Serious Offence Against the Peace is an offence which is proved in a duly constituted court of law in either state to be a violent offence against persons causing death or injury or intending to cause death or injury or to be a violent offence destroying property, and which is judged to be an Offence Against the Peace under the terms of the foregoing clauses.
A 11.7 A duly constituted court of law in either state that judges an offence to have been committed under the civil or criminal law of the state and additionally judges that offence to be an Offence Against the Peace may impose a more severe sentence than if the offence had not been judged to be an Offence Against the Peace.
A 11.8 An action taken at the highest political level in contravention to or in defiance of this agreement is termed a Violation of the Just Peace. Overthrow of the elected government of either state by armed force, revolution, subversion, terror, illegal seizure of power or foreign invasion shall be a Violation of the Just Peace. Abrogation of this agreement by the elected government of either state shall be a Violation of the Just Peace. Defiance by the elected government of either state against a binding ruling of the High Court of the Just Peace in any matter pertaining to this agreement and its implementation shall be a Violation of the Just Peace. Any Violation of the Just Peace shall lead to a suspension of this agreement until such time as the violation is corrected. The other state shall continue to act in accordance with the principles of the agreement and with international law to re-establish constitutional and democratic government of the state concerned and to re-establish this agreement and its implementation and compliance with legal rulings of the HCJP.
Annex 12: Contributions of Support by Regions
The agreement requests and invites sustained contributions as follows:(i) 33% from North America ($6 billion per annum);
(ii) 33% from EU and EEA countries ($6 billion per annum);
(iii) 10% from East Asia advanced economies ($1.8 billion per annum);
(iv) 4% from Middle East and North Africa ($0.7 billion per annum);
(v) 3% from the Federation of Russia ($0.5 billion per annum);
(vi) 5% from the People's Republic of China ($0.9 billion per annum);
(vii) 3% from India ($0.5 billion per annum);
(viii) 5% from South & Central America ($0.9 billion per annum);
(ix) 4% from the rest of the world ($0.7 billion per annum).
Total: 100% = $18 billion per annum (2008 US dollars.)
The areas are as follows:
North America: USA, Canada, Mexico.
EU and EEA: all EU members + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland.
East Asia advanced economies: Japan, Rep. Korea, Taiwan.
Middle East and North Africa: all members of the Arab League + Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and Afghanistan.
Federation of Russia may be joined by neighboring states for this contribution.
China may be joined by neighboring states for this contribution.
South and Central America includes Caribbean states.
Rest of the World: sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, Australasia and Oceania.
Annex 13: Defense of the Land Symbol
Annex 14: Economic Development Projects
A 14.1 The Med-to-Dead Project
The Dead Sea is more than 400 metres below sea level and is being steadily depleted by evaporation.
Upstream use of the freshwater in the streams feeding the sea, principally the Jordan river, for
irrigation and fish-farming, means that the level and volume of the Dead Sea are inevitably
decreasing. The level is currently dropping about 1m per year, leading to fears that the character of the sea may change. Evaporation over the geological period of the sea's lifetime (two million years) has resulted in a salinity level up to nine times higher than the Mediterranean Sea. The Dead Sea is an important source of potash which is produced by both Israel and Jordan from evaporation pans at the southern end.
A canal/tunnel/pipeline from the Mediterranean seacoast at Gaza (the so-called Gaza or Qatif alignment) transporting 50 cubic metres per second of water would only slightly alleviate the lack of fresh inflow water, but would produce in excess of 100MW hydropower. This would be an attractive power source for a new community on the shores of the Dead Sea western shore, either in Israel or Palestine. A larger canal/tunnel carrying 500 cubic meters per second would produce at least 1 GW. A better use of the pressurized sea water would be as direct input to a desalination plant, rather than power production. However, the cost of constructing a 70-km-long canal/tunnel at a depth of up to 1000 metres under the hills of the southern West Bank or northern Negev make this less economically viable than the project described in the next annex.
A 14.2 The Peace Valley Project
The principle element of this project is the construction of a "Red-to-Dead" canal from the Red Sea to the Dead Sea up
the length of the Wadi Araba / Arabah Valley. The 170 km canal is considerably longer than is needed by the
Med-to-Dead canal (annex 14.1) but only needs to overcome a height of 230m at the watershed between the two seas. This canal would deliver sea-water to replenish the Dead Sea and also generate hydro-power, most likely used directly in desalination rather than for generating electricity. The project as envisaged has many economic benefits including industrial parks and new towns. The entire Jordan rift valley region, up the length of the Dead Sea into Palestine and on up the Jordan Valley, would be involved.
The Peace Valley project is in the advanced stages of planning and in mid-2008 was about to go ahead, backed by Jordan, Israel and the Palestinian Authority; it was held up by political-military stalemate in the peace process. The project grew out of the integrated development master plan for the Jordan Rift Valley (JRV) created in the mid 1990s following the peace agreement between Israel and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
Under the Just Peace Agreement this project is expected to go ahead rapidly with start-up funding provided under the provisions of this agreement and the main developments proceeding with private-sector investment. The overall initial investment / construction cost is estimated to be in the order of $3 billion (2008 US dollars).
The Peace Valley project shall use the principle of parity in organizing the relative contributions and benefits to the State of Israel, the State of Palestine and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. In addition it shall follow the three principles given in annex 16 for absorbing migrants, protecting the environment and applying the principle of parity for the Bedouin population.
A 14.3 The Danube Water Project
The provision of large volumes of fresh water to the Land is a vital aim of the technical aspects of this agreement. It is proposed that at least 12 million cubic metres per day (mcm/day) of fresh water be delivered via pipeline from the southernmost part of the lower river Danube between Bulgaria and Romania. This project will be part of the international support from the EU/EEA area for the process of economic development as described in article 10 of this agreement. It will be subject to multilateral agreements between Israel, Palestine, Bulgaria and Romania and several states crossed by the pipeline route(s), including Turkey and either Cyprus or Syria or both. Funding should be from the entire EU/EEA area. The environmental demands and impacts of such a project also need to be assessed and met; 12 mcm/day is about 3% of the discharge of the river Danube at the extraction location. The two pipelines are each 4m diameter, at least 2500 km long and each capable of delivering 6 mcm/day.
The water delivered by this project shall be shared equally by Palestine and Israel under the direction of their joint water management plan, as an application of the principle of parity, administered through the Water Resources subcommittee of the IPCC. The primary aim should be provision for the drier southern and eastern regions and to alleviate seasonal water shortages in other parts of the Land which experience large differences in rainfall between summer and winter.
The construction and running costs of this project have to be realistically estimated and compared with the costs of building and running desalination plants to supply water of similar quality and quantity. About ten very large desalination plants will be needed to provide 12 million cubic metres of water per day, one of which might be connected with and powered by the Red-to-Dead canal in the Peace Valley project (A 14.2). Others will be sited along the Mediterranean and Gulf of Aqaba coasts. Combination of these two options for the Danube Water Project could deliver 24 million cubic meters per day of fresh water to the two states.
A 14.4 The Negev and Sinai Projects
The entire Negev and Sinai desert region will inevitably have to absorb additional immigrants and resettled refugees under the plans outlined in this agreement. This has already been foreseen in Israel, with the JNF's loosely-defined "Blueprint Negev" supporting a variety of ways to develop the Negev region by the Israeli government. Understanding that this is an unavoidable and necessary aspect of the Just Peace Agreement, the projects to develop the southern desert regions shall be carried out on the basis of three firm principles:
(i) The projects shall play their full role in absorbing migrants to the same standards of housing, facilities and employment as apply elsewhere in the Land.
(ii) The projects shall enhance and protect the environmental health of the desert region, of the Land and of the planet.
(iii) The projects shall apply the principle of parity in a flexible, imaginative and appropriate way between the newly resettled population and the indigenous population of Bedouin Arabs.
The third principle shall be interpreted as follows. Existing villages of Bedouin shall be recognized, preserved, and not destroyed without the permission of the Bedouin even in the pursuit of resettling them in superior housing elsewhere. The Bedouin shall be consulted and involved in all decisions that affect them or their way of life. Actions taken to enhance the irrigation, fertility or productivity of the land for the resettled population shall be balanced equally by equivalent actions to enhance the land used by the Bedouin, whether their methods of use of their land are traditional or not. Facilities provided for the resettled population shall be balanced equally by equivalent facilities for the Bedouin population: examples include utilities and infrastructure, education, healthcare and social support. The relative numbers of Bedouin and resettled migrants shall not affect these principles. Population numbers shall not serve as a criterion for the application of parity.
A 14.5 Alternative Energy Project
A joint energy plan between the states shall be agreed as part of the functions of the Energy Subcommittee of the IPCC. This plan shall cover natural gas extraction and supply. However, its main emphasis shall be alternative energy generation, distribution and use. The principle mode of alternative energy generation shall be solar (various modes) without excluding other forms of alternative energy generation (wind power, geothermal, biofuels, hydro, etc).
The plan shall set ambitious targets for alternative energy generation, distribution and use, specified in terms of carbon footprint. A practical and realizable target shall be set for the end of the third phase of implementation of this agreement, fifteen years after it comes into force. A target of 100% carbon-neutral energy generation, distribution and use shall be set for the entire Land for a date thirty years after this agreement comes into force.
The joint energy plan of the states shall set realistic intermediate targets and milestones to achieve the targets at five, fifteen and thirty years. The plans shall be formulated and implemented to achieve these targets and milestones through viable technologies. The technologies shall include at least: (i) Solar energy generation of electricity (various modes). (ii) Other alternative carbon-neutral energy generation methods. (iii) Passive insulation and cooling methods for buildings. (iv) Fully electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles, as part of an overall joint sustainable transport policy. (v) Carbon capture and storage (CCS) methods for fossil fuel power plant and carbon-emitting industries. (vi) Carbon sequestration technologies in support of CCS.
The energy plan shall be co-ordinated with the water management plan in the area of desalination plants.
I want to read the annex 15 before supporting the agreement
Peacemaker 2009